建议增用主曲线实验方法提高我国核电安全的可靠性

日本福岛核事故后,各国政府对核电厂的安全更加重视了。提高核电厂安全要求非常重要,予以实现更加重要。毫无疑问,为安全所采取的新措施必须满足标准要求,并被世界公认和各国共同采用后,才会被核电厂接受和推行。本文的建议符合此原则并在文中说明了原因和根据。     

窑尾预热器车间SmartPlant3D工艺设计总结

本文总结了应用Smart Plant3D进行窑尾预热器车间设计的基本过程及相关注意点,简单分析了应用Smart Plant3D设计所带来设计周期、结构查返方式、各专业协作模式变化及Smart Plant3D在水泥行业推广应用所面临的几点问题。     

Adaptive actuator failure compensation design for unknown chaotic multi‐input systems

In this paper, an adaptive control approach is designed for compensating the faults in the actuators of chaotic systems and maintaining the acceptable system stability. We propose a state‐feedback model reference adaptive control scheme for unknown chaotic multi‐input systems. Only the dimensions of the chaotic systems are required to be known. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, new adaptive control laws are synthesized to accommodate actuator failures and system nonlinearities. An illustrative example is studied. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling the combined effects of salt,sorbic acid and nisin on the probability of growth of Clostridium sporogenes in a controlled environment (nutrient broth)

The safe preservation of new generation foods (high moisture, low salt, high pH and shelf stable under ambient conditions) is microbiologically challenging. The growth of Clostridium botulinum in low acid foods is a hazard for consumers. In this study the combined effect of salt (sodium chloride) (0–4% w/v), potassium sorbate (0–4% w/v) and nisin (0–300 ppm) at two different pHs (5.5 and 7) on the probability of growth of Clostridium sporogenes spores, as a non-toxigenic surrogate of C. botulinum, was evaluated in nutrient broth. Nutrient broth was used as it can easily and accurately be adjusted and controlled in terms of composition, and allows more rapid growth than is observed in food. The aims of this study were to develop probability of growth models in which the logit is expressed as a function of the concentrations of the selected preservatives. The developed models fit the data adequately. The c-values models were close to 1, indicating good predictive power. This indicates the performance of models would be satisfactory. The results of this study indicated that salt, potassium sorbate and nisin had significant inhibitory effects on the growth of C. sporogenes in high moisture (>95%) and high pH conditions (pH > 4.5). Combinations of the selected preservatives were more effective than any of them individually. The inhibitory effects of all three preservatives in the current study were pH dependent. Less stringent combinations of preservative concentrations were required experimentally to stop growth at pH 5.5 compared with pH 7.     

An improved scatter search algorithm for the single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times

In this paper, a scatter search algorithm with improved component modules is proposed to solve the single machine total weighted tardiness problem with sequence-dependent setup times. For diversification generation module, both random strategy based heuristics and construction heuristic are adopted to generate the diversified population. For improvement module, variable neighborhood search based local searches are embedded into the algorithm to improve the trial solutions and the combined solutions. For reference set update module, the number of edges by which the two solutions differ from each other is counted to measure the diversification value between two solutions. We also propose a new strategy in which the length of the reference set could be adjusted adaptively to balance the computing time and solving ability. In addition, a discrete differential evolution operator is proposed with another two operators constitute the combination module to generate the new trial solutions with the solutions in the subsets. The proposed algorithm is tested on the 120 benchmark instances from the literature. Computational results indicate that the average relative percentage deviations of the improved algorithm from the ACO_AP, DPSO, DDE and GVNS are −5.16%, −3.33%, −1.81% and −0.08%, respectively. Comparing with the state-of-the-art and exact algorithms, the proposed algorithm can obtain 78 optimal solutions out of 120 instances within a reasonable computational time.     

车用汽柴油中硫成分分析标准物质的研究进展

随着世界各国对环境问题的普遍重视,以及汽柴油标准的不断升级和油品质量检测技术的逐步完善,我国对低硫含量汽柴油标准物质的需求日趋迫切。油品中硫含量过高,大大降低了催化转换器中催化剂效率,增加了车辆污染物的排放量。含硫汽柴油标准物质的研制,是制定汽柴油国家强制标准的急需,是有效控制大气污染的急需,是保障交通安全的急需,对元素分析仪器的校准、汽柴油硫含量检测和定值等方面起到极其重要的作用。旨在通过对国内外车用汽柴油质量标准硫含量现状和发展趋势的分析,拟为汽柴油中硫元素标准物质的研制及快速准确地对汽柴油中硫含量的检测,提供必要依据和借鉴。     

Making LibGuides Work: Student Interviews and Usability Tests

This article discusses student use of and feedback on LibGuides in an academic library. The authors conducted interviews and usability tests with on-campus and distance students to determine their preferences and expectations, as well as to identify specific pain points. Based on the findings, the authors changed LibGuides best practices at their institution and overhauled the LibGuides index page.     

No reference image blurriness assessment with local binary patterns

In this paper, we put forward an effective and efficient no reference image blurriness assessment metric on the basis of local binary pattern (LBP) features. In this proposal, we reveal that part of the LBP histogram bins present monotonously with the degree of blurriness. The proposed method contains the following steps. Firstly, the LBP maps of an input image are extracted with multiple radiuses. And then, the frequency of pattern histogram is analyzed before part of bins are chosen as the features. In addition, we also take the entropy of these bins as another feature. Finally, we learn the extracted features to predict the image blurriness score. Validation of the proposed method is conducted on the blurred images of LIVE-II, CSIQ, TID2008, TID2013, LIVE3D IQA Phase I and LIVE3D IQA Phase II. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with the state-of-the-art image quality assessment (IQA) methods, the proposed algorithm has notable advantage in correlation with subjective perception and computational complexity.     

Control of a grid-connected direct-drive wind energy conversion system

This paper investigates the current control for a grid-connected direct-drive wind energy conversion system (DDWECS) with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which utilizes a back-to-back pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. For the machine-side, the controller adopts a current vector control method based on the rotating reference frame (RRF) and the maximum power extraction (MPE) is realised through the tip speed ratio (TSR) method. For the grid-side, a novel controller is proposed for the first time to be successfully used for the DDWECS, which combining a proportional complex integral (PCI) current inner loop based on stationary reference frame (SRF) for regulating the grid-side current with a dc voltage outer loop for stabilizing the dc bus voltage and compare with the proportional resonant (PR) controller. A system simulation model is established by using the Matlab/Simulink to simulate the performance of the DDWECS and a prototype system has been build and tested to verify the validity of the developed control methods for both machine-side and grid-side and the excellent performance of the DDWECS.     

An adaptive control scheme using multiple reference models

This paper develops an extended model reference adaptive control scheme to expand the capacity of state feedback state tracking adaptive control to handle the plant‐model matching uncertainties for single‐input LTI systems. The extended scheme is developed, using multiple reference model systems (only one of which is required to be able to match the controlled plant), and multiple controllers (which are updated from adaptive laws generated from multiple reference model systems based estimation errors), as two key features of such design to relax a plant‐model matching condition. A switching mechanism is constructed using those multiple estimation errors, capable of selecting the suitable control input from the multiple control signals, to achieve the desired system performance. An aircraft flight control example is presented to show the capacity of such design in relaxing a practical design condition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.